ABSTRACT
Introduction: Staphylococcus species is an asymptomaticcolonizer which has exhibited increasing resistance to variousantimicrobial agents in the recent times. Although, theorganism was naturally susceptible to all the antimicrobialagents, it has acquired multi drug resistance via variousmechanisms. In view of rising prevalence antimicrobialresistance, this study was undertaken to study the prevalenceof methicillin resistance and the emergence of linezolidresistance amongst the Staphylococcal isolates obtained fromvarious clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital.Material and Methods: This study was conducted from July2017 to December 2018 in a tertiary care hospital. Clinicalspecimens were processed, and Staphylococcal isolateswere identified using standard microbiological techniques.Antimicrobial resistance pattern of all the Staphylococcalisolates was determined and interpreted as per the latest CLSIguidelines.Results: A total of 989 Staphylococcal isolates were obtainedamongst which 498 (49.44%) were found to be methicillinresistant. Highest antimicrobial resistance was observedto beta lactam antibiotics followed by azithromycin andfluoroquinolones. 26 (2.628%) strains of Staphylococcalspecies were found to be resistant to linezolid while theyretained sensitivity to Vancomycin.Conclusion: The emergence of drug resistance in variousmicroorganisms has been a cause of global concern. Risingtrend of resistance has been observed to methicillin andlinezolid especially in indoor patients of the Intensive careunits. This study highlights the high prevalence of Methicillinresistance in both Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulasenegative Staphylococcus species in a tertiary care hospital inAmritsar, India. Although, linezolid resistance is emerging at aslow pace, adequate measures must be undertaken to preservethe therapeutic armoury.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a cause of globalconcern as resistance is emerging enormously in hospitaland community settings. The occurrence of resistance tocephalosporins due to production of Extended SpectrumBeta- Lactamases is known worldwide. Hence, this studywas undertaken to detect the prevalence and antimicrobialresistance pattern of ESBL-producing gram-negative bacteriaisolated from various clinical samples received from theindoor patients of a tertiary care hospital.Material and Methods: Clinical specimens received fromthe patients admitted in Guru Nanak Dev Hospital, Amritsarfrom January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2018 were included inthe study. The samples were processed based on standardmicrobiological techniques. ESBL screening and confirmationwere done based upon CLSI guidelines. Antimicrobialresistance pattern of ESBL producing gram negative bacteriawas determined.Result:- A total of 8147 samples were received out of which1061(13.02%) gram negative bacteria were isolated. 227(21.97%) of the gram negative isolates were positive onscreening and 107 (10.08%) were confirmed to be ESBLproducers phenotypically. Maximum antimicrobial resistancewas observed to ciprofloxacin and amikacin. All the isolateswere sensitive to sulbactam ceftriaxone and imipenem.Conclusion: The present study highlights the prevalenceof ESBL-producing gram negative bacterial isolates in atertiary care hospital in Amritsar, Punjab. Measures such asthe establishment of antimicrobial stewardship activities,monitoring surveillance and infection control programmes,emphasizing on effective hand hygiene practices together withcoherent antibiotic policies should be enforced in the hospitalsto arrest the spread of ESBLs